How Do You Read Pay Scale Works in Commonwealth of Pa
| Self-STUDY7 |
Job 1. Consummate the text with the all-time words.
It has become a mutual identify to say that the world is irresolute at an e'er-increasing pace. Companies today are faced with a stark choice: c) conform 1 or go under. For example, iv decades ago, companies typically tended to exist b) hierarchical ii . They were built on a model which achieved a high degree of control, merely in which d) channels iii of communication were few and slow.
Another disadvantage of this blazon of organisation is that more than junior c) staff 4 may not even know who the CEO is, or what a) goals 5 the decision-makers are trying to attain. In order to endeavor to solve this trouble, many organizations have adopted a less a) bureaucratic 6 , more flexible business concern culture in which frequent contact betwixt the possessor and the employees ensures that a) information 7 is flowing smoothly.
A second difficult choice for a company concerns the extent to which it should become global or remain c) local 8 . Global operations permit maximum a) production 9 of calibration, while localization makes information technology possible to d) respond ten quickly and to accomplish all market place d) sectors eleven . In order to reduce the tension between global and local demands, many companies take adopted a 'hub and spoke' structure. They use several regional product and c) distribution 12 'hubs' where neighboring markets are serviced from one unmarried location.
i a) prefer b) marketplace c) conform d) research
2 a) economical b) hierarchical c) welcoming d) autonomous
3 a) webs b) media c) roads d) channels
4 a) customers b) directors c) staff d) buyers
5 a) goals b) blueprint c) plan d) sales
half-dozen a) bureaucratic b) caring c) decentralized d) marketplace-driven
7 a) data b) news c) speech d) interest
viii a) professional b) static c) local d) impersonal
9 a) production b) economies c) marketing d) savings
10 a) call b) demand c) enquire d) respond
11 a) shares b) research c) leaders d) sectors
12 a) manufacturing b) pick c) distribution d) advertisement
Task 2. Consummate the phrases i–6 with a verb from the box.
| carry out draw up issue maintain railroad train transport |
i. draw upwardly contracts
ii. ship appurtenances and equipment
3. maintain install and systems
four. issue press releases
5. behave out enquiry
vi. train staff
Chore three. Alter the following phrases, as in the case.
i a hotel with 4 stars a four-star hotel
2 a deal worth fourscore thousand euros ……………….
three a journey that lasts seven hours …………………
4 a loan of two one thousand thousand pounds ………………….
5 a seminar that lasts three days …………………
half-dozen an role block that has sixty stores ………………….
Task 4. Friction match a discussion from box A with a word from box B to complete the sentences below.
| A | B | |
| calculator | Commercials | |
| regime | Fair | |
| data | Force | |
| labour | Policy | |
| inquiry | Project | |
| merchandise | Technology | |
| TV | Virus |
Computer virus
Government policy
Information technology
Labour forcefulness
Inquiry projection
Trade off-white
TV commercials
1. This new figurer virus could wipe all the data off your hard deejay.
2. Several organizations are strongly opposed to the utilize of children in advertising in general, and in TV с ommercials in item.
iii. Going to an international merchandise fair is often an excellent opportunity for networking.
4. Advances in i nformation applied science have revolutionised the style people communicate and practise concern.
5. GVC Steelworks already have a l abour strength of i,500, and they are yet recruiting.
6. The government should committee a special r esearch project to appraise the risks posed by GM foods.
7. It would be bad Government policy to revalue our currency at this particular time.
Task 5. Use the same word for each group to brand new noun combinations.
1. world merchandise trade deficit trade hole-and-corner
2. crunch m …… thousand……. guru project m ………..
3. o ……... hours head o……… o …………… chore
4. life i ……….. travel i……… policy i………. broker
v. p ………. range consumer p……. p ………….. launch
half-dozen. a……… agency radio a………. a…………. entrada
Task 6. A large travel agency chosen Gratis Horizons has recently been reorganised and the new manager, Olivia Anderson, is very keen on staff training. Consummate her electronic mail with the words from the box.
| remain announce contribute explicate organise select |
Write a reply (40–55 words) in which you:
• state your preferred topic
• give reasons for your choice.
Chore 7. Before you lot read Will large companies still exist 100 years from now? Why? I Why non?
Reading. Read this commodity from the Financial Times and answer the questions.
Looking to Wikipedia for answers
by Thomas Malone
To understand how large-scale work was organized during the past 100 years. The all-time models were traditional hierarchical organizations such as Full general Motors, IBM and Wai-Mm1. Just to empathise how large calibration work will exist organized in the future, we need to wait at newer examples such as Wikipedia, eBay and Google.
In Wikipedia for instance, thousands of people from beyond the globe have collectively created a big and surprisingly high-quality intellectual product the world'due south largest encyclopaedia - and accept done and so with near no centralised control. Anyone who wants to can change almost anything and decisions nearly what changes are kept are made past a loose consensus of those who care. Wikipedia is a remarkable organizational invention that illustrates how new forms of communication. Such every bit the cyberspace, are making it possible to organise work in new and innovative means.
Of grade, new ways of organising work are non desirable everywhere. In many cases, traditional hierarchies are still needed to capture economies of scale or to command risks. But in an increasing number of cases. Nosotros can have the economic benefits of big organisations without so giving up the human benefits of minor ones - freedom, flexibility, motivation and creativity.
These human benefits can provide decisive competitive advantages in knowledge-based and innovation-driven piece of work. During the coming decades, nosotros can expect to run into such ideas in performance in more and more so parts of the economy. These new practices accept various names, but the phrase I discover almost useful is ·collective intelligence.
What if we could take whatsoever number of people and computers connected to, for instance, intendance for patients in a hospital? Or designing cars. Or selling retail products. We might observe that the all-time way to do a task that today is done by 5 full time people would exist to employ i part-time employee and a host of freelance contractors each working for a few minutes a twenty-four hour period.
1 important type of collective intelligence is 'crowd intelligence', where anyone who wants to can contribute. Sometimes, as in the case of Wikipedia or video-sharing website YouTube, people contribute their work for free considering benefits such recognition or socialise with they get other as enjoyment, opportunities to others. In other cases, such as online retailer so eBay, people go paid to exercise then.
These changes will not happen overnight, simply the rate of change is accelerating, and businesspeople a hundred years from now may find the pervasive corporate hierarchies of today as quaint as we discover the feudal farming system of an before era.
Task 8. Await through the whole commodity and find:
a) three traditional companies - Full general Motors, IBM and Wai-Mm1
b) iv Internet companies - Wikipedia, eBay, Google and YouTube
Task 9. Read paragraph 2 and decide if these statements are true or false.
Wikipedia ...
a) entries can but exist changed by the person who wrote them.- false
b) has no fundamental control at all.- truthful
c) is the largest encyclopaedia in the world. - true
d) is of high quality.- truthful
e) copies existing ways of working. - false
Job 10. Look at paragraph three and find:
a) ii benefits of large organizations.one) to capture economies of scale 2) to control risks
b) four benefits of small-scale ones. - freedom, flexibility, motivation and inventiveness
Task 11. At present friction match the expressions in chore 10 to their definitions.
a) when people accept new ideas
b) the ability to work 'every bit your ain boss'
c) to limit the effect of unexpected events
d) when people work with enthusiasm and a sense of purpose
e) the ability to work when and where you desire to
f) when loftier levels of production result in lower costs per unit produced
Chore 12. Read paragraph 4. In which areas will the benefits of small organisations be most useful? These human benefits can provide decisive competitive advantages in knowledge-based and innovation-driven piece of work.
Job thirteen. Detect the name the writer prefers for this new way of working in paragraph iv.- commonage intelligence
Job 14. Which of these areas is not mentioned in paragraph 5 in relation to the potential application of commonage intelligence?
a) healthcare b) wholesale c) retail d) design
Task 15. What three benefits do people go from contributing to oversupply intelligence websites, autonomously from money? (paragraph half-dozen) - benefits such recognition or socialise with they get other as enjoyment, opportunities to others.
Chore 16. Use right forms of expressions from paragraph 7 to complete these statements.
a) If something exists in a lot of different places, it is . . . . . . . . . .
b) A social system with aristocrats and most powerless farmers is . . . . . . . . . .
c) If something doesn't happen immediately, information technology doesn't happen . . . . . . . . . .
d) Something that is strange and erstwhile-fashioned is . . . . . . . . . .
e) If a process speeds up, information technology the rate of change is accelerating
Over to you 1
Practise you share the writer's optimism nigh the potential of collective intelligence? Why? I Why not? Yes, I do. Because, it can make our workflow more than interesting and efficient.
Over to you 2
Could collective intelligence be used in your own industry, or one that y'all would like to piece of work in? Yep, of course, it volition exist very convenient for all accountants.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
Source: https://fayllar.org/self-study7-task-complete-the-text-with-the-best-words-v2.html
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